eNotes

  Software development Model Software development models  are various processes or methods that are chosen for project development depending on the objectives and goals of the project. Many development life cycle models have been developed to achieve various essential objectives. Models specify the various steps of the process and the order in which they are executed. The few software development models are discussed below: Waterfall Model (SDLC Model) The Waterfall Model is a traditional software development model in which the project is developed in sequential phases . Each phase must be completed before moving to the next phase , and there is usually no going back once a phase is completed. It is one of the earliest SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) models . 1. Features of Waterfall Model Sequential Phases: Development progresses in a fixed order: Requirements → Design → Implementation → Testing → Deployment → Maintenance Clear ...

  Memory Hierarchy Memory hierarchy is arranging different kinds of storage present on a computing device based on speed of access.  The memory in a computer can be divided into five hierarchies based on the speed as well as use. The processor can move from one level to another based on its requirements. The five hierarchies in the memory are registers, cache, main memory, magnetic discs, and magnetic tapes. The first three hierarchies are volatile memories which mean when there is no power, and then automatically they lose their stored data. Whereas the last two hierarchies are not volatile which means they store the data permanently.  Let us discuss each level in detail: Level-0 − Registers The registers are present inside the CPU. As they are present inside the CPU, they have least access time. Registers are most expensive and smallest in size generally in kilobytes. They are implemented by using Flip-Flops. Level-1 − Cache Cache memory is used to store the segmen...

  Array in C# An array is a collection of variables of the same data type , stored in contiguous memory locations , and accessed using a common name and index . Each item in an array is called an element , and the index of arrays in C# starts from 0 .     Key Points About Arrays in C#: 1.       Elements are stored in contiguous memory locations. 2.       Index starts from 0. So, for an array of size 5, valid indexes are 0 to 4. 3.       Arrays are reference types and are allocated on the heap. 4.       C# array is an object of base type System.Array . 5.       Array elements can be of any type , including another array (array of arrays). 6.       Jagged array (array of arrays) elements are reference types and are initialized to null . 7.       Arrays can be single-dimensi...

  Software Development Life Cycle The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a structured process used for developing high-quality software systematically. It defines steps to follow, from the initial planning to the final deployment and maintenance of software. Need of SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) SDLC provides a structured approach to software development, helping developers follow a clear, step-by-step process. It improves project management by allowing better planning, scheduling, and tracking of resources, time, and progress. It helps in early detection of errors , reducing the cost and effort required to fix issues later in the development cycle. SDLC enhances communication between developers, testers, clients, and stakeholders by maintaining clear documentation and process flow. It ensures quality assurance by including validation and testing activities at every stage of development. It helps ...